虚拟语气ppt:2016高考英语语法讲解:虚拟语气

发布时间:2017-09-18分类:高考资讯

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2016高考英语语法讲解:虚拟语气

 

  虚拟语气

  1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。

  2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

  16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:

  句 型 条件从句 主句

  一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

  祈使句

  情态动词一般现在时

  例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。

  典型例题

  The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

  A. will rain  B. rains  C. rained  D. is rained

  答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。

  注意:

  1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.

  (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

  (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

  2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

  16.2 非真实条件句

  1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。

  a. 与现在事实相反的假设

  条件从句 主句

  一般过去时(be用were) should(would)等 +动词原形

  例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。

  含义:They are not here, they can’t help you.

  b. 与过去事实相反的假设

  条件从句 主句

  过去完成时 should(would)等+ have+ 过去分词

  例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。

  含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

  c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想

  条件从句 主句

  一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形

  were+ 不定式

  should+ 动词原形

  例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。

  If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

  If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

  含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.

 

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