高中英语直接引语与间接引语知识点总结（一）
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）
Mr. Black saidthat he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）
从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
He said , “Ilikeitvery much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He saidthathelikeditvery much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
He said, “Youtoldmethis story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”
→He said thatIhad toldhimthat story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
He said to me, “She’sleftherbook inyourroom”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
He told me thatshe hadleftherbook inmyroom. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had， her不变，your→my）
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usuallywatchTV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usuallywatchedTV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm usingthe knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that hewas usingthe knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “Ihave not heardfrom him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that shehad notheard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，“Icameto help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said thathe had cometo help me.他说他来帮助我。
He said, “Ihad finishedmy homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”
→He said that hehad finishedhis homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou Lan said, “I'll doit after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that shewould doit after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said,“Ishall be doingmy homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”
→He said that heshould be doinghis homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
He said, “Weshall have finishedthe work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”
→He said that theyshould have finishedthe work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earthisround. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earthisround.老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “Iwasborn in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”
→He said that hewasborn in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。
He said, “ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”
→He said ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “Ifinishedthe work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that hefinishedthe work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “Ihave wateredthe flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”
He will say hehas wateredthe flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
高中英语直接引语与间接引语知识点总结（二）
直接引语与间接引语
定义：
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语的转换：
一、人称代词的变化：
直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：
第一人称→第三人称；
第二人称→第一人称；
第三人称→第三人称。
简记为“二一、一三、三留”。
例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
→ He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一个人）
Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
→ Xiao Ming asked me if I wasgoing to the park with them.（us与them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一员；me和you指同一个人）
Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
→ Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一个人） 但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。
I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I为同一说话者）
二、时态的变化：
直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：
一般现在时→一般过去时，
一般将来时→过去将来时，
现在进行时→过去进行时，
现在完成时→过去完成时，
一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。
如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."
→ My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
→ She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意：直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：
1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时：
如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
→ The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态：
如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时：
如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
→ The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等时：
如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
→ He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.
三、句型的变化：
直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化：
1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句（that常省略）：
如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
→ The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句：
如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
→ Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句：
如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
→ She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、变反意问句时，要视说话者的语气而定：
（1）表示疑问时，先需去掉后面的反意问句部分，再按一般疑问句变化。
如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
→ The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
（2）表示提醒或警告等特别语气时，先按陈述句变化，再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind，warn等。
如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
→ The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句：
如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
→ Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定：
如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
→ The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句，也可用that引出从句：
如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
→ The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用and连接：
如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时，变成间接引语语序不变：
如："What's the matter?" said he.
→ He asked me what was the matter.
直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比：
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
| this, these | that, those |
| here | there |
| now | then |
| today,tonight | that day,that night |
| this evening | that evening |
| last week | the week before |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| next week/month/year | the next week/month/ year |
| ago | before |
| come | go |
注意：如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come也不一定要改为go。
如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
→John said just now that he came here yesterday.