托福写作忘词了怎么办?

发布时间:2017-11-30分类:托福考试

  托福写作忘词了怎么办?

  一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清,一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。

  1

  试用笼统词

  英语语言中笼统词有have, take 等,笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作,却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候,用这些笼统词取代,也能收到异曲同工的效果。

  例如:我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。 I experienced a terrible hard time. 这一句中,experience被遗忘时,用have代替,成为:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如: Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir? I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting. I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper. They occupied the city. = They took the city. The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father. 从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。2

  2

  联想有关词汇

  当遗忘产生时,或遇到未曾学过的词时,应采取放射性思维,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,利用语言的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用语言。一般情况下,联想可按下列思路进行:1联想同义词;2联想反义词。 英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。

  试看下列句子: I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用频率不太高,因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如:I don‘t understand this word. 也可以说成 I don’t know this word. 另外: He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly. The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat. They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five. His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.

  英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。 同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,请看下面的例子: He is stubborn. = He is not tame. The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp. This is expensive. = This is not cheap. She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

 

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