亲爱的们~ 托福写作要求写2篇文章，第1篇综合写作，第2篇独立写作。相比较，独立写作字数更多，内容需要学生独立发展，语言要变化丰富，所以在课程中的比重更大，知识点也更多。
然鹅，这!并!不!意!味!着!综合写作就很简单了。
综合写作有属于它自己的特点，以及相应的评分标准。
按照考试要求，考生有3分钟的时间看一篇学术类话题的阅读短文，然后听1遍与文章相关(通常反驳它)的听力，最后用20分钟的时间，写一篇150-225字的文章，总结听力的重要信息以及相关阅读的要点。
让我们瞅瞅综合写作的评分标准：
这告诉我们什么???“select important information from the lecture”总结听力中的重要信息是必须的，“in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading” 和听力相关(总是被听力反驳的)阅读要点也是要写进文章的，“well-organized” 结构清晰，“occasional language errors do not result in inaccurate or imprecisepresentation of content or connection” 这段话体现了综合写作对语言的要求，即要把内容表达清楚。
简单粗暴来说，综合写作，听力总结的越好(正确、完整、精确)，分数通常越高。但是!!!相对简单的阅读部分，是千万不能过分草率对待的。
接下来，笔者带着大家一起解析一篇综合写作的阅读部分
TPO 31 Sinosauropteryx 中华龙鸟
A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved involcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, thefossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing several reasons.
知识点：Reading开头段结构 — 背景介绍+ 提出观点。
背景：S恐龙的化石骨架周围，有一圈精致的线条，古生物学家们把这个线条解读为S恐龙的羽毛
观点：然鹅，批评家反对S恐龙是长羽毛的(即，作者认为， S恐龙没有羽毛)
写作总结：The readingpassage proposes that Sinosauropteryx did not have feathers.
First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after the animal’s death. After the animaldied and was buried in volcanic ash, its skin may have decomposed into fibers.The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.
知识点: Reading 中间段的中心句，通常位于段首，有时在段尾，偶尔没有。
内容：批评家认为这个线条是恐龙死后形成的。动物死后，皮肤会分解decompose成纤维fiber，形成了线条。
归纳：线条是皮肤纤维而不是羽毛。( 该段中心句在段尾 )
写作总结：First, the writer believes that the lines might be skin fibers that were formed after the animal’s death.
Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structure of a Sinosauropteryx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures growing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lines surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains offrills than remains of feathers.
内容：科学家搞不清线条到底代表恐龙身体的哪块结构。许多恐龙有褶边，他们觉得这个线条更可能是褶边的残留。
归纳：线条是褶边的残留。 ( 该段中心句在段尾 )
写作总结：Second, the passage states that the lines were fossilized remains of frills instead of remnants of feathers.
A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are to help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structures quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This suggests that the lines do not represent feathers.
内容: 羽毛通常有两个功能：飞行和调节体温。然鹅，线条所代表的结构位于S恐龙的脊柱和尾巴，这样的位置会让羽毛的两个功能无用。所以线条不代表羽毛。
归纳：线条的位置会让羽毛的两个功能(飞行和控温)无用。(该段中心句在段尾)
写作总结：Third, the author asserts that the location of the lineswould have made the functions of feathers, which are to sustain flying andthermoregulation, quite useless.
概览一下tpo31的全文写作
orange and white配色，听力部分提到的，可以去听下哦 ~
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