高一英语:主谓一致知识点总结

发布时间:2017-06-05分类:高一辅导
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    高中英语主谓一致知识点总结(一)

  主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数,需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致,意义上一致和就近一致。

   高考 重点要求:

  1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致,就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致

  2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致

  考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时,也要特别注意语法一致的原则,而 且分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。

  复习时需注意的要点

  1、 集体名词看作整体时,谓语动词用单数,看作各个成员时,谓语用复数。

  例如:His family isn't large.

  His family are all fond of music.

  2、 些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾"s"但意义上是单数,谓语动词要用单数。

  例如:The news is wonderful.

  Physics is an interesting subject.

  3、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语,是当作一个整体看待的,后面用单数动词。

    高中英语主谓一致知识点总结(二)

  主谓一致

  英语句子中,主语的“人称”和“数”要限制,决定谓语动词的形式变化,这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则:

  1)语法一致; 2)意义一致; 3)就近一致。

  【语法一致原则】

  I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.

  ①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。

  ②Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是工人吗?

  Is your mother a worker ?(正)(主语your mother 是单数第三人称)

  II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。

  1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语,用单数谓语形式。e.g.

  ①The work is important . 这项工作重要。

  ②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。

  ③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。

  2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.

  ①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。

  ②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。

  II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:

  1.通常作复数用 。e.g.

  ①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。

  ②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。

  ③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。

  2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。e.g.

  ①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。

  ②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。

  ③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。

  3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。e.g.

  ①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。

  ②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。

  Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时:

  1. a)“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语:“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.

  ①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。

  ②A great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。

  b)"a / an + 单名+ or two " 大多接单数谓语: "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.

  ①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。

  ②One or two reasoms were suggested . 提出一两条理由。

  c)"a / an + 单名+ and a half"常接单数谓语;“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.

  ①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。

  ②One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已卖了一吨半大米。

  d) "more than one + 单名"大多接单数谓语。e.g.

  ①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。

  "more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。e.g.

  ②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。

  "more than two (three,…)+复名 " 接复数谓语。e.g.

  ③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。

  2 ,主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.

  a)①There is only a small quantity of paper (books )left. 只剩下少量的纸(书)了。

  ②Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。

  b)①This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。

  ②This kind of apples is (are) sweet . (大多依 kind ,作单数用 )

  ③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . (总作复数用)

  但:Apples of this kind are sweet . (总作复数用)

  3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时:谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。e.g.

  ①A woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。

  ②I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅他们,我也愿帮助你。

  4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句":

  1)定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”,因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.

  ①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。(关系词“that”代“novels”)

  ②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。

  2)若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时,定语从句的关系词指代one,作从句主语时,接单数谓语。e.g.

  He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one )

  【意义一致原则(Notional Concord)】

  I. 集合名词作主语时:(参见“名词”部分)

  1. 有些通常作复数用(不变词形)。如:“people , police , cattle (牛,牲口),folk , youth , militia (民兵)”,等。e.g.

  The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕获凶手。

  2. 有些指“整体”时作单数,指其中的“成员”时作复数(不变词形)。如 "army , audience(听众),class ,club (俱乐部) ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等。e.g.

  ①Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。

  ②The family are early risers . 这家人都起得早。

  ③The public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。

  但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如:families , two classes .等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如:peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。

  II. 代词作主语时:(参见“代词”部分)

  1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.

  ①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。

  ②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。

  2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用:“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。e.g.

  ①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?

  ②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。

  3. 下列不定代词作复数用:“(a)few ,many ,several, both”等。e.g.

  ①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个(客人)是我们熟识的。

  ②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。

  4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数:

  1)“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.

  ①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?

  ②Who are League Members .哪些是团员?

  2)"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.

  ①All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的学生)都在用功。

  ②All (of the paint ) is fine .(这些油漆)都很好。

  3)"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的)",等。e.g.

  ①Half of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。

  ②Half of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。

  Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时:(参见“数词”部分。)

  1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。e.g.

  Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。

  2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.

  ①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间。

  ②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了。

  3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g.

  ①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。

  ②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。

  4. "a number of (许多)/ a varlety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用。e.g.

  ①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川。

  ②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。

  但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数。e.g.

  ①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。

  ②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富。

  Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时:(参见“名词”部分)

  1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词:指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数。e.g.

  Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难。

  但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数。e.g.

  ①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差。(指“学业成绩、能力”)

  ②What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何?

  2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g.

  ①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这(几)家工厂是两年前修建的。

  ②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了。

  这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。(但news(消息)是不可数名词,通常只作单数用。)

  Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时:

  1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用。e.g.

  ①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语。

  ②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 废品堆在角落里。

  2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用。e.g.

  ①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲。

  ②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用。

  ③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。

  Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时:

  1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.

  ①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。

  ②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣。

  2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书。e.g.

  Dickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .

  狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年。

  Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时:

  1. 大多作单数用。e.g.

  ①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践。

  ②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。

  2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.

  ①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事。

  ②What he bought was /were some books . 他所买的是几本书。

  【就近一致原则(Proximity)】

  也称“邻近原则”,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。

  I.在正式文体中:

  1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"or ; either …or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

  ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

  ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

  ③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。

  ④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。

  2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.

  ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

  ②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

  II. 非正式文体中:

  有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.

  Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)

  Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)

  但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.

  No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

  主谓一致练习题

  1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.

  A.know B. knows C. have known D.is known

  2.All but one _____ here just now

  A. is B. was C .has been D. were

  3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.

  A. is B. are C. am D. be

  4.A library with five thousnd books _______ to the nation as a gift.

  A. is offered B .have offered C. are offered D. has offered

  5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.

  A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

  6.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

  A. were , was B. was , was C. was , were D. were , were

  7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.

  A. Two fifth , is B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths , are

  8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

  A. have B. has C. have been D. has been

  9.Between the two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.

  A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are

  10.All that can be done

  A .has been done B .has done C. have done D. were done

  11.They each _____ a new dictionary.

  A. has B. have C. is D.are

  12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.

  A. has B. have C .are D .is

  13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.

  A. have been taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D .has taken in

  KEYS: 1-5 BDBAC 6-10 CCCBA 11-14 BBAA

  Subject-verb Concord(主谓一致练习题)

  1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.

  a. were       b. is        c. are        d. am

  2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.

  a. was       b. is        c. are        d. am

  3. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already.

  a. will be      b. had been     c. has been     d. have been

  4. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.

  a. is leading     b. are leading    c. lead       d. leads

  5. Nine plus three ___ twelve.

  a. are making     b. is making     c. make       d. makes

  6. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.

  a. seem to be     b. is        c. are        d. were

  7. Very few ___ his address in the town.

  a. has known     b. are knowing    c. know      d. knows

  8. When and where this took place ___ still unknown.

  a. has        b. is        c. were       d. are

  9. I know that all ___ getting on well with her.

  a. were       b. are        c. is        d. was

  10. The rest of the novel ___ very interesting.

  a. seem       b. is        c. are       d. were

  11. Our family ___ a happy one.

  a. are        b. was       c. are       d. is

  12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school.

  a. was        b. were       c. is        d. are

  13. More than one answer ___ to the question.

  a. had given     b. were given     c. has been given   d. have been given

  14. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary.

  a. are having     b. had       c. has        d. have

  15. The pair of shoes ___ worn out.

  a. had been      b. have been     c. were       d. was
 

 
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